Last updated: 2022-11-09

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File Version Author Date Message
Rmd 67e1aac knowlabUnimelb 2022-11-09 Publish data and analysis files

Daniel R. Little1 and Ami Eidels2 1 The University of Melbourne, 2 The University of Newcastle

Method

Participants

[NEED TO ADD A SUMMARY OF PARTICIPANT INFORMATION: HOW MANY TESTED, DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, HOW WERE PARTICIPANTS REIMBURSED, HOW MANY ASSIGNED TO EACH CONDITION]

Design

[NEED TO ADD A DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN]

Data Cleaning

Subjects completed the experiment by clicking a link with the uniquely generated id code. Subjects were able to use the link multiple times; further, subjects were able to exit the experiment at any time. Consequently, the datafile contains partially completed data for some subjects which needed to be identified and removed.

Data Analysis

We first summarize performance by answering the following questions:

Task completions

  • How many tasks are completed on average?

[ADD ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION]

Average number of correctly completed tasks in each condition
phase mean
untimed 4.365217
deadline 3.811412

[ADD DESCRIPTION OF ANALYSIS OF TASK COMPLETIONS]

Typing analysis

Typing data analysis
length phase acc rt wpm totalTime
1 untimed 0.95 218 63 1236
2 untimed 0.94 248 61 3546
3 untimed NA 254 62 5233
4 untimed 0.94 259 62 7265
1 deadline 0.94 198 65 1144
2 deadline 0.93 227 65 3121
3 deadline NA 241 65 5167
4 deadline 0.92 241 65 7064
           Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    

phase 1 6.71e+05 670931 72.5 <2e-16 Residuals 10892 1.01e+08 9259
— Signif. codes: 0 ‘’ 0.001 ’’ 0.01 ’’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ’ ’ 1 Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
phase 1 0.8 0.841 86.5 <2e-16
Residuals 10890 105.8 0.010
— Signif. codes: 0 ‘’ 0.001 ’’ 0.01 ’’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ’ ’ 1 2 observations deleted due to missingness Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
phase 1 20573 20573 69.4 <2e-16 ** Residuals 10892 3229579 297
— Signif. codes: 0 ‘’ 0.001 ’’ 0.01 ’’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ’ ’ 1 Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
phase 1 4.54e+07 45409612 4 0.046
Residuals 10892 1.24e+11 11357177
— Signif. codes: 0 ‘’ 0.001 ’’ 0.01 ’’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ’ ’ 1

Reward Rate

[ADD DESCRIPTION]

ANOVA Table (type III tests)

$ANOVA Effect DFn DFd F p p<.05 ges 1 phase 1 68 0.70 4.1e-01 0.00030 2 difficulty 3 204 298.33 2.6e-74 * 0.26700 3 phase:difficulty 3 204 0.71 5.5e-01 0.00069

$Mauchly's Test for Sphericity Effect W p p<.05 1 difficulty 0.30 9.8e-16 2 phase:difficulty 0.47 9.4e-10

$Sphericity Corrections Effect GGe DF[GG] p[GG] p[GG]<.05 HFe DF[HF] 1 difficulty 0.59 1.77, 120.43 5.4e-45 * 0.60 1.81, 123.42 2 phase:difficulty 0.69 2.06, 140.34 5.0e-01 0.71 2.13, 144.8 p[HF] p[HF]<.05 1 4.8e-46 * 2 5.0e-01

Optimality in each condition

  • What is the proportion of easy, medium, hard, and very hard tasks selected first, second, third or fourth? [ADD DESCRIPTION]

  • Do the marginal distributions differ from uniformity?

We tested whether the marginal distributions were different from uniformly random selection using the fact that the mean rank is distributed according to a \(\chi^2\) distribution with the following test-statistic: \[\chi^2 = \frac{12N}{k(k+1)}\sum_{j=1}^k \left(m_j - \frac{k+1}{2} \right)^2\] see (Marden, 1995).

Chi2 test of uniformity
phase chi2 df p
untimed 37 3 0
deadline 577 3 0

[ADD DESCRIPTION]

We compared the location conditions and phases using chi-2 analysis.

Pearson’s chi-squared test
Comparison chi2 df p
X-squared Untimed vs Deadline 134 15 0
  • How optimal were responses?

Comparison against Easy to Hard order

  • How consistent were responses with an easy to hard ordering?


sessionInfo()
R version 4.1.3 (2022-03-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19042)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_Australia.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_Australia.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_Australia.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C                      
[5] LC_TIME=English_Australia.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats4    grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets 
[8] methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] pmr_1.2.5.1       jpeg_0.1-9        rstatix_0.7.0     lme4_1.1-29      
 [5] Matrix_1.4-0      png_0.1-7         reshape2_1.4.4    knitr_1.38       
 [9] hrbrthemes_0.8.0  english_1.2-6     gtools_3.9.2      DescTools_0.99.45
[13] forcats_0.5.1     stringr_1.4.0     dplyr_1.0.8       purrr_0.3.4      
[17] readr_2.1.2       tidyr_1.2.0       tibble_3.1.6      ggplot2_3.3.5    
[21] tidyverse_1.3.1   workflowr_1.7.0  

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] minqa_1.2.4       colorspace_2.0-3  ellipsis_0.3.2    class_7.3-20     
 [5] rprojroot_2.0.3   fs_1.5.2          gld_2.6.5         rstudioapi_0.13  
 [9] proxy_0.4-27      farver_2.1.0      fansi_1.0.3       mvtnorm_1.1-3    
[13] lubridate_1.8.0   xml2_1.3.3        splines_4.1.3     extrafont_0.18   
[17] rootSolve_1.8.2.3 jsonlite_1.8.0    nloptr_2.0.0      broom_0.8.0      
[21] Rttf2pt1_1.3.10   dbplyr_2.1.1      compiler_4.1.3    httr_1.4.2       
[25] backports_1.4.1   assertthat_0.2.1  fastmap_1.1.0     cli_3.2.0        
[29] later_1.3.0       htmltools_0.5.2   tools_4.1.3       gtable_0.3.0     
[33] glue_1.6.2        lmom_2.9          Rcpp_1.0.8.3      carData_3.0-5    
[37] cellranger_1.1.0  jquerylib_0.1.4   vctrs_0.4.1       nlme_3.1-155     
[41] extrafontdb_1.0   xfun_0.30         ps_1.6.0          rvest_1.0.2      
[45] lifecycle_1.0.1   getPass_0.2-2     MASS_7.3-55       scales_1.2.0     
[49] hms_1.1.1         promises_1.2.0.1  expm_0.999-6      yaml_2.3.5       
[53] Exact_3.1         gdtools_0.2.4     sass_0.4.1        stringi_1.7.6    
[57] highr_0.9         e1071_1.7-11      boot_1.3-28       rlang_1.0.2      
[61] pkgconfig_2.0.3   systemfonts_1.0.4 evaluate_0.15     lattice_0.20-45  
[65] labeling_0.4.2    processx_3.5.3    tidyselect_1.1.2  plyr_1.8.7       
[69] magrittr_2.0.3    R6_2.5.1          generics_0.1.2    DBI_1.1.2        
[73] pillar_1.7.0      haven_2.5.0       whisker_0.4       withr_2.5.0      
[77] abind_1.4-5       modelr_0.1.8      crayon_1.5.1      car_3.0-12       
[81] utf8_1.2.2        tzdb_0.3.0        rmarkdown_2.13    readxl_1.4.0     
[85] data.table_1.14.2 callr_3.7.0       git2r_0.30.1      reprex_2.0.1     
[89] digest_0.6.29     httpuv_1.6.5      munsell_0.5.0     bslib_0.3.1